“九夏”考述
许兆昌
提 要：“九夏”是周代九大乐歌之统称。“九夏”的演奏，主要使用钟、鼓、鎛、磬等打击乐器，因而具有较强的节奏感，故在周代的礼仪活动中，多用于控制行礼者的行步之节。《肆夏》是“九夏”中的重要一篇，其演奏场合及演奏对象十分复杂，主要功能是在各种礼仪活动中用于控制行礼者的出、入之行节。同时，它还可以献享给宾客，并具有调和礼仪气氛的作用。《陔夏》之“陔”，为警戒之义。《陔夏》的演奏，主要用于宴饮活动结束时控制宾客的行步之节，防止宾客因酒醉而失礼。
关键词：“九夏” 《肆夏》 《陔夏》
Title:A Textual Research and Re-description of
Jiuxia(九夏)
Author:Xu Zhaochang, Professor, Faculty of
Humanities, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
Abstract:Jiuxia is the general name of
the nine pieces of the court ritual music in the Zhou
Dynasty. To perform these pieces of music, mainly,
percussion instrument such as bell, drum, bo(鎛, large bell),
Qing(磬, ancient percussion instrument made of jade, stone,
or metal), were used. Since this type of music was with
strongly effect of rhythm, it was commonly played to
regulate the moving steps of the ritual performers. Among
the nine pieces of music, the one called Sixia(肆夏) is
especially important. In a very complex background and
designed situation context, Sixia was played in various
kinds of ritual events to control the performers’ proper
entry and retreat moves. Meanwhile, it was presented to the
guests with a function of bringing about atmosphere of
consonance. Gaixia(陔夏) on the other hand, usually played by
the end of a banquet meant to call upon people’s attention
about their personal behaviors since many of them would
become drank.
Key words:Ancient
music Jiuxia Sixia Gaixia